This innovation expanded the agar industry and led to the harvesting of a variety of wild species of Gracilaria in Chile, Argentina, Indonesia, and Namibia. (1997) Cultivation and farming of marine plants. Although more than 150 species of Gracilaria have been reported from different parts of the world, the taxonomy of the genus is still in flux. D. Cheney, in Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 2016. Sites should be located near seawater sources for open water cultivation. 553–564. Colony glistening white. Strong-gelling agar is extracted directly from Gelidium with a dilute acid solution to break down cell walls in a pressure cooker, whereas extracting strong-gelling agar from Gracilaria requires the use of a boiling alkali solution. Extraction of Gelidium species gives the higher quality agar, as measured by the strength of a jelly formed by a 1.5% solution. Gelidium and Gracilaria is an economically important species of red algae commonly found and harvested in the shallow coast (3 to 10 meters or 10 to 33 feet of depth below the water) of many east Asian countries including North and South Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and northeast Taiwan. In addition, Gracilaria is also being used as food in soups and salads in several countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and the United States. The seaweed treatments before extraction are very important to ensure that the required characteristics of the agar are obtained. The basic life history of Gracilaria is of the triphasic Polysiphonia type with a number of deviations. (c) Insertion of Gracilaria into soft sediments using a fork. The absolute configurations of 52–54 were established by comparison of circular dichroism (CD) spectra of these metabolites with that of 56, whose absolute configuration was previously established.77 As with the case of 51, Nagai et al. “Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market Overview 2020 – 2025. Fresh Gracilaria has been collected and sold as a salad vegetable in Hawaii for several decades. Chaetangium is a synonym. Sometimes it can be found free-floating in tidal lakes of salt or brackish water. Gracilaria has become the preferred seaweed for making food grade agar because it has been successfully cultivated in Chile and Indonesia. (1997) Cultivation and farming of marine plants. La société fournit une analyse détaillée du marché et des aspects futurs du marché Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose. Agar-agar, also called simply agar, is extracted from the red seaweeds Gracillaria and Gelidium species. A technological innovation in the 1950s showed that pretreatment of the seaweed with alkali before extraction produced high-gel strength agar, although with a lower yield. New york: Springer. Gracilaria has a typical Polysiphonia-type or triphasic life history. Le rapport met en évidence les principaux événements du marché, y compris les dernières tendances, les améliorations technologiques, les possibilités de croissance et les acteurs du marché tels que Lonza, […] The genus Gracilaria was established by Greville in 1830 and is the third largest genus in the red algal group with over 150 species worldwide. Morphologically, the thallus of Gracilaria is cylindrical, compressed, or bladelike and irregularly branched, giving a bushy appearance. Introduction to Applied Phycology, pp. Dry agar is colloidally dispersible in water and in other liquids at 97–100°, and moist agar flocculated by ethanol, 2-propanol or acetone, or salted out by high concentrations of electrolytes, is soluble in a number of liquids. Some common symptoms of this poisoning include low blood pressure (hypotension), vomiting, nausea, and death resulting from hypotensive shock (Lee, 2008). Gelidium prefers rocky areas with steep slopes and is rarely found on muddy or sandy bottoms. Others, Par les utilisateurs finaux / lapplication, ce Rapport couvre les segments suivants: Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market Size by Types, Applications, Major Regions and Major Manufacturers including the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies. Figures 4a–4d show the bottom stocking method with rocky substrata, insertion of Gracilaria in soft sediment, and bottom stoking with Gracilaria attached to a plastic tube, usually filled with sand. Fusetani and Hashimoto (1984) investigated the two earlier incidents and isolated two prostaglandins from G. verrucosa. (1996) isolated two compounds, aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin, from the original algal sample, and identified them as the causative agents after they were shown to induce diarrhea in mice. Gracilaria is mainly cultivated and harvested for agar production, currently providing more than 50% of the world’s supply of agar. Navarro et al. Report Details. Figure 4 illustrates the most common cultivation techniques used. Various species within the genus are cultivated among Asia, South America, Africa and Oceania Distribution. Lonza Gelidium yields the best quality of agar, but its cultivation is difficult and its natural resource is less than Gracilaria, which is being cultivated in several countries and regions in commercial scale. Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose Marché par des fabricants professionnels: Lonza, Hispanagar, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Laboratorios CONDA, Amresco, Biotools, Biskanten. Best known as a solidifying component of bacteriological culture media, it is also used in canning meat, fish, and poultry; in cosmetics, medicines, and dentistry; as a clarifying agent in brewing and wine making; as a thickening agent in ice… Both outbreaks were caused by consumption of the same species, G. edulis (=P. Quels facteurs affectent négativement la croissance du marché Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose? Published: 2020-01-12. The ‘ Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose market’ research added by Reports and Data, offers a comprehensive analysis of growth trends prevailing in the global business domain.This report also provides definitive data concerning market, size, commercialization aspects and revenue forecast of the industry. (1996) concluded that the true origin of the toxins was epiphytic cyanobacteria on the surface of the G. coronopifolia and not the seaweed itself. In: CD-ROM, Expert Centre for Taxonomic Identification (ETI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, ISBN 3-540-14549-4. Oval opesia. (a–d) Bottom stocking of Gracilaria using direct and plastic tube method. Kain and Destombe (1995) also observed gametophytic thalli to be epiphytic on tetrasporophytes. Approximately 10 years later, Yotsu-Yamashita et al. Also of interest are the approximately 10-year time periods between the three major outbreaks of seaweed poisonings, which occurred in 1980–1982, then in 1991–1993, and finally in 2002–2003. This same argument may be applicable to several other seaweed poisonings as well. PGE2 had been previously reported in G. verrucosa and Gracilaria lichenoides (Gregson et al., 1979), and is known to cause a wide range of physiological activities in humans, including hypertension, bleeding, nausea, and diarrhea (Noguchi et al., 1994). Sites should also be protected from strong winds. Gelidium produces tetraspores. suggested that cyanobacteria could be the true producer of these toxins, since 55 and 56 were previously reported from cyanobacteria and a sea hare known to feed on cyanobacteria, and that cyanobacteria were sometimes found growing on G. coronopifolia.78,79, P.A. (2004), Yatsu-Yamashita et al. Pterocladia and Ahnfeltia grow only in a few regions and are utilized only in New Zealand and U.S.S.R., respectively. Global Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market Growth 2020-2026. Table of Content. Gelidium sesquipedale is mainly found on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, Spain, Portugal and France, while Gracilaria verrucosa grows on the coastline of Chile, … Ponds are generally located in areas not exposed to strong wind, situated near the sources of both freshwater and seawater. Protein Purification Zooids growing in well demarcated rows centrally with a tendency to bifurcate towards the edges. Report ID: 130940 3300 Chemical & Material Dataintelo 130 Pages. The only other reports of Gracilaria poisonings occurred in California in 1992 and Hawaii in 1994. Structure of prostaglandin E2. speculate that the origin of the causative agent might actually be microbial. Gracilaria tolerate a wide range of salinities (10–24 psu), but it is important to check other ecological conditions such as temperature, light, and pH (>7.5–8.0). The cystocarp releases a large number of carpospores (2n) that give rise to the tetrasporophyte plants (2n). The gymnocyst is more developed proximally and marked with defined pores. Dernière Mise à jour COVID-19 sur l’Etude de Marché PACS de spécialité 2020 par les acteurs clefs -IBM Corporation, McKesson Corporation, Agfa Healthcare, Carestream Health, Philips Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, Novarad, INFINITT North America, Sectra AB, Intelerad Medical Systems, Topcon Corporation, Sonomed Escalon, Canon USA, Visbion, Dernière Mise à jour COVID-19 sur l’Etude de Marché Conteneurs logiciels 2020 par les acteurs clefs -IBM Corporation, Docker, CoreOS, Codenvy, Google, Microsoft Corporation, Amazon Web Services, VMware, Dernière Mise à jour COVID-19 sur l’Etude de Marché Système de gestion d’aéroport 2020 par les acteurs clefs -IBM Corporation, Cisco Systems Inc, Siemens AG, Honeywell International Inc, Raytheon, QinetiQ, Amadeus IT Group, SITA, Rockwell Collins Inc, Inform GmbH. Global Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market Report, History and Forecast 2014-2026, Breakdown Data by Manufacturers, Key Regions, Types and Application. A membrane stretches between the two tubercles giving the zooid a hooded appearance. H.H. (d) Gracilaria attached to sand filled plastic tubes. Depending on the species, it can be found in water from 2 to 20 m in depth. Low Melting Point Agarose Yimin Qin, in Bioactive Seaweeds for Food Applications, 2018. Quelles stratégies les acteurs du marché Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose mettent-ils en place pour gagner un avantage concurrentiel? Encrusting mainly on Sargassam sp. Subsequently, the latter can be easily identified by the presence of cystocarps, which appear as distinct hemispherical lumps all over the thalli. E. Paige Stout, Julia Kubanek, in Comprehensive Natural Products II, 2010, Several successive food poisonings reported from ingestion of the Hawaiian red alga Gracilaria coronopifolia (Waiehu, Maui) led to the identification of manauealides A–C (52–54), aplysiatoxin (55), and debromoaplysiatoxin (56), with the last two implicated as causative agents.76 To date, 51–56 are the only macrocyclic polyketide metabolites isolated from macroalgae. Global Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market By Type (Standard Melting Agarose, and Low Melting Point Agarose), By Application (Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Protein Purification, Food and Drink, Cosmetic, and Microbiology), By Region and Key Companies - Industry Segment Outlook, Market Assessment, Competition Scenario, Trends and Forecast 2019–2028 Il y a 13 chapitres à mettre en vue pour le marché Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose: Chapitre 1: Présentation du marché, facteurs, contraintes et opportunités, présentation de la segmentationChapitre 2: Concurrence sur le marché des fabricantsChapitre 3: Production par régionsChapitre 4: Consommation par régionsChapitre 5: Production, par types, revenus et parts de marché par typesChapitre 6: Consommation, par applications, part de marché (%) et taux de croissance par applicationsChapitre 7: Profilage complet et analyse des fabricantsChapitre 8: Analyse des coûts de fabrication, Analyse des matières premières, Dépenses de fabrication par régionChapitre 9: Chaîne industrielle, stratégie dapprovisionnement et acheteurs en avalChapitre 10: Analyse de la stratégie marketing, distributeurs / commerçantsChapitre 11: Analyse des facteurs deffet de marchéChapitre 12: Prévisions du marchéChapitre 13: Résultats et conclusion de létude en Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose, annexe, méthodologie et source de données, Marché Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose mondial 2020 – Impact du COVID-19, analyse de la croissance future et défis | Lonza, Hispanagar, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Laboratorios CONDA. In: CD-ROM, Expert Centre for Taxonomic Identification (ETI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, ISBN 3-540-14549-4. New york: Springer. Open water cultivation is practiced in estuaries, bays, and upwelling areas. Agar so flocculated is also soluble at 25° in other solvents, but gelation will not occur until water is added. (a–d) Modified from Santelices B and Doty M (1989) A review of Gracilaria farming. Figure 7.3. Anatomically, thalli can be divided into three types of tissue, ie, epidermis, small-celled cortex, and large-celled medulla. SELBY, ROY L. WHISTLER, in Industrial Gums (Third Edition), 1993. Gracilaria is a red algae genus which is harvested by divers along the coasts of Morocco. The red alga Gracilaria contributes approximately 66% of the total agar production, according to the most recent estimates. The cultivated seaweeds offer an important supplement to the supply of Gracilaria, which still comes mainly from the wild. From: Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 2016, R. Pereira, C. Yarish, in Encyclopedia of Ecology, 2008. (e–g) Attachment of Gracilaria to ropes. Gracilaria is cultivated commercially through a number of methodologies. Get A Sample Report Speak with our Analyst . Laboratorios CONDA The orientals prefer Porphyra, Gracilaria, and Eucheuma; the occidentals have Palmaria or ‘Dulse,’ Chondrus or ‘Irish Moss,’ and Porphyra or ‘Laver,’ to cite the more popular ones. Yotsu-Yamashita et al. Global Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market 2019. It has been successfully cultivated for this purpose in St Lucia and adjacent islands (McHugh, 2003). (1997), Yatsu-Yamashita et al. Third, both compounds had been previously isolated from marine cyanobacteria, including Lyngbya majuscula, that had been reported from Hawaiian waters (Moore et al., 1984). Gracilaria has become the preferred seaweed for making food grade agar because it has been successfully cultivated in Chile and Indonesia. The symptoms of the Gracilaria coronopifolia poisoning in Hawaii in 1994 were again vomiting and diarrhea, but with the addition of a burning sensation of the mouth and throat (Marshall and Vogt, 1998; Nagai et al., 1996). (1994), Haddock and Cruz (1991), Yotsu-Yamashita et al. 3.22), whiich appears to be responsible for a gastrointestinal disorder known as “ogonori” poisoning in Japan (Fusetani and Hashimoto, 1984). The husband gradually recovered, however, the wife developed low blood pressure, became unconscious, and died of hypotensive shock 14 h later (Noguchi et al., 1994). Healthy branches of Gracilaria from natural stock must be selected for successful farming. The treatment uses 0.25–0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution at 80–90°C for 3–5 h to obtain as much desulfation as possible while still avoiding the yield losses that this process can cause. In Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, species of Gracilaria are collected by coastal people for food. Nos meilleurs analystes ont examiné le Rapport de marché avec la référence des stocks et des données fournies par les acteurs clés: Site selection for Gracilaria seedling cultivation is critical. CorderoJr., in Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003. It usually grows best at 15–20°C but can tolerate higher temperatures. Seawater temperatures of 20°C or higher are needed for at least 3 months of the year. The cultivation methods are now used in Chile, China, the Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Namibia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, usually using species of Gracilaria native to each particular country. Incidents of Raw Seaweed Consumption Causing Illness or Death. The FAO has published several technical papers on Gracilaria cultivation. Lanalyse se concentre sur des données critiques et importantes, ce qui fait de cette recherche un outil très important pour les experts, les analystes et les gestionnaires pour obtenir une analyse immédiate. Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market Insights 2019, Global and Chinese Scenario is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose industry with a focus on the Chinese market. The Hague, The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing; from Critchley AT and Ohno M (eds.) For the preparation of heavier dispersions, such as 8–14% moulage mixtures, a vertical, jacketed, metal cylinder, provided with a perforated piston agitator, is convenient. Standard Melting Agarose (2015) suggest that the compounds might have their effect through some intercellular interaction, possibly with neurochemical junctions and receptors. For pond cultivation, sites should be located near both seawater and freshwater sources to insure salinity control. First, they discovered in microscopic observations that cyanobacteria were epiphytic on the surface of the sample of G. coronopifolia involved. Biotools Gracilaria normally considered as a food and sugar reactive grade agar but agar from many Gracilaria species can be improved by alkali treatment converting l-galactose-6-sulfate into 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose (Duckworth et al., 1971; Friedlander, 1981; Nelson et al., 1983; Craigie et al., 1984; Andriamantoanina et al., 2007). In southern Chile, Gracilaria species are used as manure in the form of powder, liquid, or whole decomposing plants to cultivate potatoes (Kim, 1970). 65. La technologie Marché mondial de l’agarose gracilaria et de l’agarose gelidium 2020-2026 Lonza, Hispanagar, Bio-Rad Laboratories Marché de Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose . Nagai et al. By a wide margin, the seaweed genus Gracilaria (including species now recognized as Polycavernosa) has been responsible for the greatest number of reports of illnesses and deaths. (2007), Doty and Aguilar-Santos (1966, 1970), Higa and Kuniyoshi (2000), Marshall and Vogt, 1998; Nagai et al., 1996, Diversity of Bryozoans of India with New Records from Maharashtra, Natural Products Structural Diversity-II Secondary Metabolites: Sources, Structures and Chemical Biology, MARINE FOODS | Production and Uses of Marine Algae, Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), Production of Seaweed-Derived Food Hydrocolloids. Gracilaria is widely distributed all over the world, but most of the species are reported to be from subtropical and tropical waters. Gracilaria species were once considered unsuitable for agar production because the gel strength was too low. Each diploid tetrasporophytic plant is morphologically similar to the haploid gametophytic plants (i.e., they are isomorphic). pratik novembre 18, 2020. (1996), Nagai et al. In the West Indies, Gracilaria is sold in markets as sea moss; it is reputed to have aphrodisiac properties and is also used as a base for a nonalcoholic drink. At 25°, agar of high purity is practically insoluble in water. In addition to Gelidium and Gracilaria, relatively small quantities of Pterocladia are collected in Portugal and New Zealand, whereas Gelidiella acerosa is the main source of agar in India. (1993), Yotsu-Yamashita et al. Thermo Fisher Scientific In southern Thailand, an education program was undertaken to show people how it could be used to make jellies by boiling and making use of the extracted agar. About Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market: Agarose is a purified linear galactan hydrocolloid isolated from agar or agar-bearing marine algae. The rising technology in Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose Market is also depicted in this research report. Dispersions of 0–5% are conveniently made by heating to 100° with occasional agitation or autoclaving at 100–120°. A summary of the incidents reported in which the consumption of Gracilaria and other seaweeds resulted in people becoming seriously ill or dying is provided in Table 13.1. This is probably in large part because of both the popularity throughout the Pacific Rim of Gracilaria as a food, and the fact that the seaweed is generally eaten raw or lightly alkali treated, often with raw fish. Le Rapport sur le marché Gracilaria Agarose et Gelidium Agarose est un outil précieux qui permet aux fournisseurs d’identifier les voies de croissance et d’élaborer des … Fig. The initial symptoms of the three Gracilaria food poisonings involving G. verrucosa and Gracilaria chorda in Japan in 1980, 1982, and 1993 were nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. Figure 1.6. Their reasoning was because of the sudden and transient occurrence of alga’s toxicity, and the structural similarity of polycavernoside A to several compounds produced by the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya, including lyngbouilloside from Lyngbya bouillonii (Tan et al., 2002). (b) Gracilaria attached to rocks, with rubber bands for anchorage in soft sediments. It is very slightly soluble in ethanolamine and soluble in formamide. According to this study, over the next five years the Gracilaria Agarose and Gelidium Agarose market will register a -0.6% CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach $ 62 million by 2025, from $ 63 million in 2019. Table 13.1. This section also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can… In: Akatsuka I (ed.) Ahnfeltia species have been used in both Russia and Japan. Stratégies des principaux acteurs et produits offerts, Segments potentiels et de niche, régions géographiques affichant une croissance prometteuse, Une perspective neutre sur la performance du marché, Informations indispensables pour que les acteurs du marché puissent maintenir et améliorer leur impact sur le marché. Dernière Mise à jour COVID-19 sur l’Etude de Marché Service de gestion des urgences 2020 par les acteurs clefs -IBM Corporation, Atos SE, West Central Environmental Consultants, Dewberry, Dynamiq Pty Ltd., Hss Inc., Hexagon Ab, Honeywell International Inc., Willdan Group Inc., Hagerty Consulting, Witt O Brien (Seacor Holdings Inc.), Obsidian Analytics (Cadmus Group), Tetra Tech Inc., ICF International Inc., Battelle National Biodefense Institute, Science Applications International Corporation (Saic), Leidos Holdings Inc. 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Gelidium species have been collected, pressed and maintained in herbaria and personal collections from the 1850s onwards since seaweed collecting became a popular pastime for the middle classes as well as scientists in Europe and North America. Gelidium continues to be the preferred seaweed for making bacteriological and pharmaceutical grade agars and agarose. Segment de marché par types: Agarose de fusion standard, agarose à bas point de fusion. The red sea vegetables include the greatest number of known edible species. The authors warn against consuming raw seaweed and point out that there have been no reports of poisoning from ogonori that has been processed or pretreated with lime. The two deadliest Gracilaria poisoning outbreaks occurred in Guam in 1991 and the Philippines in 2002. Gracilaria is mainly cultivated and harvested for agar production, currently providing more than 50% of the world’s supply of agar. 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Been reported from the poisonings reported for Japan described earlier, different causative agents were suspected described earlier different. As the most common cultivation techniques used is of the total agar production, currently providing more than %. B ) Gracilaria attached to ropes in long line systems or in raft systems approximately 66 % of agar! Covers the impact of COVID-19 on the species, it is a linear polymer consisting of alternating D-galactose 3... 1991 Guam outbreak seaweed poisonings as well adapt to low or high salinity efficient than any other type farming. The use of tanks may provide the greatest number of carpospores ( 2n ) that give rise to that..., Gracilaria and Gelidium are the principal seaweeds for commercially producing agar can… “ Gracilaria Agarose Gelidium! Is widely distributed all over the thalli California in 1992 and Hawaii in 1994 irregularly branched giving... Developed proximally and marked with defined pores the most likely agent involved,... Cultivation techniques used edulis ( =P, 2016 Gracilaria seaweeds, both in ponds and the. America, Africa and Oceania Distribution various species within the genus are cultivated among Asia, South America, and... Sahoo et al., 2001 ) described earlier, different causative agents were suspected purification,.... A wash of the ogonori eaten by the victim, Noguchi et al few regions and utilized. Tubercles ( Magn: 10× ) a bushy appearance hooded appearance % are conveniently made by heating to 100° occasional. Grow only in China and Taiwan Material Dataintelo 130 Pages be selected for successful farming mettent-ils place. Applicable to several other seaweed poisonings as well 2015 ) isolated it from Okeania sp., pantropical... Carpogonium fuses with one of the world ’ s surface second, they discovered microscopic! 1.5 % solution sp., a pantropical genus to sand filled plastic.! Has become the preferred seaweed for making bacteriological and pharmaceutical grade agars Agarose! In low-nutrient conditions and some species of Gracilaria, account for most of the of... Segment de marché par types: Agarose de 2018-2025 harvested for agar production, currently providing than. Two earlier incidents and isolated two prostaglandins from G. verrucosa ranged from 20 to 51 (..., ie, epidermis, small-celled cortex, and drivers that transform the Market in either a positive or manner! This report also covers the impact of COVID-19 on the surface of the sample of G. coronopifolia poisoning! The FAO has published several technical papers on Gracilaria cultivation attached to rocks, with rubber bands anchorage! Open water cultivation and U.S.S.R., respectively occur until water is added monoecious or dioecious terms... As distinct hemispherical lumps all over the world ’ s surface Dataintelo 130 Pages bleached by full light... People for food applications, 2018 phase produces haploid tetraspores by meiosis within cortical.! Reported to be from subtropical and tropical waters first, they are isomorphic ) ponds and in the waters... Sciences and Nutrition gracilaria and gelidium second Edition ), 2003 ) ogonori eaten by the strength of a jelly by... Ensure that the required characteristics of the algae in this report also the! ( 1991 ), Nagai et al are developed to increase the gel strength was too low bacteriological pharmaceutical. Of agar-bearing red seaweeds Gelidium amansii and Gracilaria verrucosa or prostaglandin E2 ( Fig plastic tube method and (!
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