'Pat Po Heung' (eight precious fragrances), erroneously called 'Pat Po Hung' (eight precious red), somewhat resembles 'No Mai Tsze' but is smaller; the skin is purplish-red, thin and pliable; the juice leaks when the skin is broken; the flesh is soft, juicy, sweet even when slightly unripe; the seed varies from medium to large. Experimental drying involved preliminary disinfection by immersing the fruits in 0.5% copper sulphate solution for 2 minutes. ‘Kaimana’, open-center pruning is recommended. L.Y., Swu, X. and Zhou, Q.M. Early in season. It sucks the sap from young twigs and they often die; at least there is a high rate of fruit-shedding. Individual fruits are later clipped from the cluster leaving a stub of stem attached. high rainfall areas north of Bangkok, but flowering is more consistent Others were introduced from Mauritius in 1876. Lychees are grown mostly in dooryards from northern Queensland to New South Wales, but commercial orchards have been established in the past 20 years, some consisting of 5,000 trees. In India, certain of the various auxins tried stimulated root formation, forced early maturity of the layers, but contributed to high mortality. In his book, The Litchi, Dr. Lal Behari Singh wrote that Bihar is the center of lychee culture in India, producing 33 selected varieties classified into 15 groups. Indian horticulturists warn that girdling in alternate years, or girdling just half of the tree, may be preferable to annual girdling and that, in any case, heavy fertilization and irrigation should precede girdling. The clusters are usually clipped with a portion of stem and a few leaves attached to prolong freshness. 'Pyazi'. (1986). Halved lychees have been placed on top of ham during the last hour of baking, or grilled on top of steak. The foliage is sometimes infested with red spider mites (Paratetranychus hawaiiensis). During dry, hot months, lychee trees of any age will benefit from overhead sprinkling; they are seriously retarded by water stress. Similar trials in Florida showed increased yield of trees that had poor crops the previous year, but there was no significant increase in trees that had been heavy bearers. Judd Company, New York. In 1928, 16 varieties from India were planted at Lowe's Orchards, Southport, Natal, but the records were lost and they remained unnamed. Souey Tung, Haak Yip, Tai So and Brewster. A grove of 12-to 14-year-old trees south of Sanford was killed back nearly to the ground; on Merritt Island trees of the same age were virtually undamaged, while a commercial mango planting was totally destroyed. The glossy leaves are very resistant to fungi. Of very good quality. The tree is slow-growing and of weak, spreading habit; it bears well in Hawaii. Birds have been repelled by hanging on the branches thin metallic ribbons which move, gleam and rattle in the wind. The yield varies with the cultivar, age, weather, presence of pollinators, and cultural practices. F&N-2 Growing Lychee in Hawaii CTAHR — June 1999 2 Chinese lychee cultivars. The chemical treatment had not yet been approved by health authorities. Girdling of trees that begin to flush in October and November is ineffective. 'Kwai mi' or 'Kuei Wei', (cinnamon flavor) which came to be called 'Mauritius' is smaller, heart-shaped, with rough red skin tinged with green on the shoulders and usually having a thin line running around the fruit. Batten, D.J. Seed round-ovate, fully developed. The Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum, has been seen on lychee trees, also the banana-shaped scale, Coccus acutissimus, and green-shield scale, Pulvinaria psidii. 188 pp. Old oak roots and stumps have been found thoroughly infected with the fungus. Urgent need to clarify and In Florida, the southern green stinkbug, Nezara viridula, and the larvae of the cotton square borer, Strymon metinus, attack the fruit. The water table should be at least 4 to 6 ft (1.2-1.8 m) below the surface and the underground water should be moving inasmuch as stagnant water induces root rot. (1991). This is not a high class variety but the most commonly grown, high yielding, and late in season. If pre-treated with 0.5% copper sulphate solution and kept in perforated polyethylene bags, they will remain fresh somewhat longer. Plate XXXIII: LYCHEE, Litchi chinensis: dried If vegetative dormancy is to be encouraged in bearing trees, fertilizer should be withheld in fall and early winter. Boat shipment requires hydrocooling at the plantation at 32º-35.6º F (0º-2º C), packing in sealed polyethylene bags, storing and conveying to the port at -4º to -13º F (-20º--25º C) and shipping at 32º to 35.6º F (0º-2º C). ‘Salathiel’ has been suggested to be an offspring of ‘No Mai Chee’ My Sweetheart is flowering this year and I hope I will be able to taste my first lychee from this tree this year. Some are dried by means of brick stoves during humid weather. Tests on 'Brewster' in Hawaii confirmed the much higher yield obtained from branches girdled in September. In China, there are reports of 1,500 lb crops (680 kg). Also, it was found that birds pecked at the young roots showing through the transparent wrapping, made holes in the plastic and caused dehydration. Sherbet is made by extracting the juice from fresh, seeded lychees and adding it to a mixture of prepared plain gelatin, hot milk, light cream, sugar and a little lemon juice, and freezing. Peeled, seeded lychees are canned in sugar sirup in India and China and have been exported from China for many years. Lychee clusters shipped to France by air from Madagascar have arrived in fresh condition when packed 13 lbs (6 kg) to the carton and cushioned with leaves of the traveler's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.). It is one of the best for drying, and is late in season. Fruit less than 1 1/2 in (4 cm) long; obliquely heart-shaped to conical; a blend of red and orange-red; skin rough, leathery; flesh gray-white, soft, of good, sweet flavor. It is a subtropical perennial tree native to eastern China where it has been cultivated for thousands of years. Studies in Mexico have led to the conclusion that, for maximum root formation, branches to be air-layered should not be less than 5/8 in (15 mm) in diameter, and, to avoid undue defoliation of the parent tree, should not exceed 3/4 in (20 mm). Severe pruning of old trees may be done to increase fruit size and yield for at least a few years. In China and India, it is grown between 15° and 30° N. "The Canton delta ... is crossed by the Tropic of Cancer and is a subtropical area of considerable range in climate. Thrips (Dolicothrips idicus) attack the foliage and Megalurothrips (Taeniothrips) distalis and Lymantria mathura damage the flowers. (1985). (1992). was introduced to Florida before 1880 but attracted little attention until the 1940s when its suitability for fruit production was noted by a group who thereupon worked to popularize the crop. In about 6 weeks, sufficient roots are formed to permit detaching of the layer, removal of the plastic wrap, and planting in soil in nursery containers. Great fluctuations of temperature are common throughout the fall and winter months. Carbaryl sprays considerably reduce the losses. The lychee is peculiar in that the entire cambium is active only during the earliest phases of secondary growth. High clusters are usually harvested by metal or bamboo pruning poles. 890-894. Lychee fruit is a good source of potassium (K) and nitrogen (N). Of very good quality. After joining the scion and the rootstock, the union is wrapped with plastic grafting tape and the scion is completely covered with grafting strips to prevent dehydration. 44, 197-215. In China, lychees are preferably dried in the sun on hanging wire trays and brought inside at night and during showers. In South Africa, only one variety is produced commercially. Originating from Asia, this gorgeous ever green plant will produce fresh, heavy hanging clusters of bright red rose flavored sweet fruit. In South Africa, a moth, Argyroploce peltastica, lays eggs on the surface of the fruit and the larvae may penetrate weak areas of the skin and infest the flesh. Maintenance of bee hives in Florida lychee groves is necessary to enhance fruit set and development. Fertilization: Newly planted trees must be watered but not fertilized beyond the enrichment of the hole well in advance of planting. The larvae of a native leaf beetle, Exema nodulosa, has been found puncturing and girdling lychee branchlets 1/8 to 1/4 in (3-6 mm) thick. The skin of 'Kwai Mi' becomes very tough when dried; that of 'Madras' less so. 15 pp. The fruits may be layered with pistachio ice cream and whipped cream in parfait glasses, as dessert. The first lychee introduced into Hawaii was the 'Kwai Mi', as was the second introduction several years later. Withstands hot winds.] The fruit is small, red, rough, with thin, juicy acid flesh and very little rag. When conditions favor rotting, dusting with fungicide will be necessary. Seed-feeding Lepidoptera, especially Cryptophlebia ombrodelta and Lobesia sp. This causes the shoots to root profusely in 2 months. Origin and Distribution The lychee is native to low elevations of the provinces of Kwangtung and Fukien in southern China, where it flourishes especially along rivers and near the seacoast. 'Peerless', believed to be a seedling of 'Brewster', originated at the Royal Palm Nursery at Oneco; was transplanted to the T.R. Compared to other varieties, Kaimana lychee bears a larger, sweeter fruit and a smaller seed. 'Hsi Chio tsu', or 'Sai kok tsz' (rhinoceros horn) is borne by a large-growing tree. This new growth is seldom subject to a freeze about Canton. The fruit is large, rough, broad at the base and narrow at the apex; has somewhat tough and fibrous, but fragrant, sweet, flesh. A Litchi Variety Orchard of 26 cultivars from India, China, Taiwan and elsewhere was established at the Subtropical Horticulture Research Station in Nelspruit. The suggested hybrid origin of some lychee cultivars can be supported or refuted on the basis of their isozyme phenotypes. Late in the 17th Century, it was carried to Burma and, 100 years later, to India. Lychee are sweet and tangy and have been a favored fruit in Asia for centuries. season. The lychee attains maximum growth and productivity on deep alluvial loam but flourishes in extreme southern Florida on oolitic limestone providing it is put in an adequate hole and irrigated in dry seasons. Freshly picked lychees keep their color and quality only 3 to 5 days at room temperature. LYCHEE. Keep up the great work and give me a call if you want to come check out my plants. In 1942, the Agricultural Experiment Station set out a collection of 500 seedlings of 'Kwai Mi', 'Hak Ip' and 'Brewster' with a view to selecting the trees showing the best performance. There are also extensive plantings in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, former Indochina, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, Queensland, Madagascar, Brazil and South Africa. In China and India, lychees are packed in baskets or crates lined with leaves or other cushioning. The mite apparently came to Florida on plants from Hawaii in 1953 but has been effectively eradicated. A small parasitic wasp helps to control this predator, as does the sanitary practice of burning the fallen lychee leaves. It is judged, therefore, that applications of potash, phosphate, lime and magnesium should be made to restore these elements. A worker can harvest 55 lbs (25 kg) of fruits per hour. Lychees stuffed with cottage cheese are served as salad topped with dressing and pecans. Flowers are small, greenish, and are borne on a large thyrse (a many-flowered inflorescence) that emerges at the ends of branches anytime from late December to April (more commonly February and March) in Florida (Figures 4a and 4b). Without such efforts, it works havoc. The best quality and light color of flesh instead of dark-brown is achieved by first blanching in boiling water for 5 minutes, immersing in a solution of 2% potassium metabisulphite for 48 hours, and dipping in citric acid prior to drying. Lychee In Florida, birds, squirrels, raccoons and rats are prime enemies. The seeds are long but aborted. Lychees dehydrate naturally. Seed often shrunken, occasionally very small. At 32º to 35º F(0º-1.67º C) and 85% to 90% relative humidity, untreated lychees, can be stored for 10 weeks; the skin will turn brown but the flesh will be virtually in fresh condition but sweeter. In fact, 92 modifications have been recorded and experimented with in Hawaii. originated in southern China and possibly in northern Vietnam and the Malay Peninsula. 'Hak ip', or 'Hei yeh', (black leaf) is borne by a densely-branched tree with large, pointed, slightly curled, dark-green leaflets. Later, in Florida, profuse nodulation was observed on roots of lychee seedlings that had not been inoculated but merely grown in pots of sphagnum moss and given a well-balanced nutrient solution. Many were killed by cold weather in California and Florida. Freshly picked lychees keep their color and quality only 3 to 5 days at room temperature. The main Anonymous. Lychee jelly has been made from blanched, minced lychees and their accompanying juice, with 1% pectin, and combined phosphoric and citric acid added to enhance the flavor. Annals of lychee in Guangdong Province. It is the 'Kwai Mi' but it is locally called 'Mauritius' because nearly all of the trees are descendants of those brought in from that island. 1', 'Seedless No. The leaf-eating false-unicorn caterpillar (Schizura ipomeae), which is parasitized by a tachinid fly (Thorocera floridensis) feeds on the leaves. Queensland Fruit and Vegetable News 53, Throughout the property both edible and ornamental trees/plants can be found. His extremely detailed descriptions of the 10 cultivars recommended for large-scale cultivation I have abbreviated (with a few bracketed additions from other sources): 'Early Seedless', or 'Early Bedana'. 'Ch'u ma lsu', or 'Chu ma lsz' (China grass fiber) has distinctive, lush foliage. In China, there are reports of 1,500 lb crops (680 kg). U.S.A. Browning, or pink discoloration, of the flesh is prevented by the addition of 4% tartaric acid solution, or by using 30º Brix sirup containing 0.1% to 0.15% citric acid to achieve a pH of about 4.5, processing for a maximum of 10 minutes in boiling water, and chilling immediately. Of good quality. The foliage is sometimes infested with red spider mites (Paratetranychus hawaiiensis). The rooted shoots are separated from the plant and are immediately planted in nursery beds or pots. A shoot-borer, Chlumetia transversa, is found on lychee trees all over India. This pest is combatted by shaking the trees in winter, collecting the bugs and dropping them into kerosene. In India, the seeds are powdered and, because of their astringency, administered in intestinal troubles, and they have the reputation there, as in China, of relieving neuralgic pains. Kaimana is considered to be a premium cultivar which is a seedling selection of Haak Yip developed in the 1970's. The Chinese claim that the lychee is highly variable under different cultural and soil conditions. 1, 51-55. Community ContributedBy Glenn I. Teves, County Extension Agent, UH College of Tropical Agriculture - MolokaiLychee (Litchi chinensis) is native to southern China, and is a summer favorite In Hawaii. Lychee varieties (Agfact H6.27 New South Wales Department of Agriculture. The flesh is white and firm; there is no leaking juice; the flavor is excellent, sweet and subacid; most of the fruits have abortive, "chicken-tongue" seeds and, accordingly have 20% more flesh than if the seeds were fully developed. Because of the very shallow root system of the lychee, a surface mulch is very beneficial in hot weather. Col. Grove made arrangements to air-layer hundreds of branches on some of the old, flourishing 'Brewster' trees in Sebring and Babson Park and thus acquired the stock to establish his lychee grove. 156 pp. because of cold damage and urban expansion. There have been many other introductions into South Africa from China and India but most failed to survive. 'Shan chi', or 'Shan chih' (mountain lychee), also called 'Suan chih', or 'Sun chi' (sour lychee) grows wild in the hills and is often planted as a rootstock for better varieties. Lychee Decoctions of the root, bark and flowers are gargled to alleviate ailments of the throat. The leading variety is: 'Panjore common'. The Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum, has been seen on lychee trees, also the banana-shaped scale, Coccus acutissimus, and green-shield scale, Pulvinaria psidii. Fresh fruits, picked individually by snapping the stems and later de-stemmed during grading, and packed in shallow, ventilated cartons with shredded-paper cushioning, have been successfully shipped by air from Florida to markets throughout the United States and also to Canada. ‘Kwai Mi’ is … The application of growth regulators, at various rates, has shown no significant effect on root development in the Mexican experiments. According to legends, ancient devotees have consumed from 300 to 1,000 per day. Florida's commercial lychee plantings reached a peak of about W.M. In China, the seeds are credited with an analgesic action and they are given in neuralgia and orchitis. and Simpson, D.R. Splitting occurs, too, during spells of alternating rain and hot, dry periods, especially on the sunny side of the tree. Inarching is also an ancient custom, selected cultivars being joined to 'Mountain' lychee rootstock. It resumed fruiting in 1940 and annual crops recorded to 1956 showed good productivity-averaging 383.4 lbs (174 kg) per year, and the rate of abortive seeds ranged from 62% to 85%. This variety is popular mainly because it comes into season very early. 'Bengal'In 1929, the U.S. Department of Agriculture received a small lychee plant, supposedly a seedling of 'Rose-scented', from Calcutta. Seeds vary from large to very small. Flesh grayish-white, firm, sweet and flavorful. In China and India, lychees are packed in baskets or crates lined with leaves or other cushioning. In India, L.B. C.M. Carbaryl sprays considerably reduce the losses. Two bark-boring caterpillars, Indarbela quadrinotata and I. tetraonis, bore rings around the trunk underneath the bark of older trees. Wind protection: Young trees benefit greatly by wind protection. In China, lychees are preferably dried in the sun on hanging wire trays and brought inside at night and during showers. In 1908, the United States Department of Agriculture brought in 27 plants of 'Kwai mi'. A tree of the 'Bedana' was introduced from India in 1913. Fruit Varieties Journal. It was planted at the Plant Introduction Station in Miami and began bearing in 1940. He said that it thrives best in regions "not subject to heavy frost but cool and dry enough in the winter months to provide a period of rest." The scion should have 2 slightly swollen buds. Seed cylindrical, fully developed. 'Gulabi'. Shallow cultivation is performed to keep the plot weed-free. ), die-back, caused by Phomopsis sp., and mushroom root rot (Clitocybe tabescens) which is most likely to attack lychee trees planted where oak trees formerly stood. Chinese people believe that excessive consumption of raw lychees causes fever and nosebleed.
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